Operation Torch: brevet Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations, invades Vichy French (pro-German) occupied north Africa.
[added 6/26/2025]
Subsequent Events:
References:
Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time, (New York: MacMillan, 1966; New York: Dauphin, 2015), 542-43.
Current U.s. National Debt:
