Democratic (socialist/fascist) de facto President Franklin Roosevelt, Esq.—without a constitutional amendment—signs the Emergency Banking Act of 1933, defining the three asterisks (* * *), in Proclamation 2039, to be read as “by any person within the United [s]tates or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof.”  The alters the text of Proclamation 2039 that essentially declares any U.s. subject-citizen in possession of gold (lawful money) to be an enemy of the U.s.

       The act also allows the privately owned Federal Reserve System of (central) Banks to make direct purchases of Federal debt obligations, which will be used to back its irredeemable bank notes.

       NOTES:

• This act was pushed through the senate after only seven-and-a-half hours of debate.

• The house of representatives passed the bill after deliberating for 38 minutes, with a “voice only” (no roll call) vote.

• There had been no committee hearings and only one copy of the bill was available.

• This is an ex post facto law prohibited by Article I, Section 9 [Clause 3].