The Pennsylvania Turnpike, the first modern toll road in the nation, opens for business.

       NOTE: At the time of the planning of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, proponents of tax financing (as opposed to pay-as-you-go user fees) projected the road would carry only 715 conveyances per day, and not generate enough revenue to cover expenses.  Yet a year later, the tollway was carrying over 6,000 patrons per day, which allowed the road to retire its debt, and quickly realize a profit.

       [added 4/27/2025]

       The department of war publishes the 1940 edition of of the Army Field Manual Paragraph 43, under the title “Rules of Land Warfare,” says,

       National flags, insignias and uniforms as a ruse [false flags]- in practice it has been authorized to make use of these as a ruse.  The foregoing rule (Article 23 of the Annex of the IVth Hague Convention), does not prohibit such use, but does prohibit their improper use.  It is certainly forbidden to make use of them during a combat.  Before opening fire upon the enemy, they must be discarded

       [added 7/24/2022] Thanks to Jim Lorenz and Bill Holmes for this entry.