The Battle of First Manassas Junction (Virginia) (a.k.a. First Bull Run): Major General Pierre Gustave Toutant de Beauregard, commanding the Confederate (a voluntary union) Army of the Potomac, defeats the compulsory Union Army of Northeastern Virginia, commanded by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell.
NOTES:
- Following the battle, with the Army of Northeastern Virginia in full retreat, Brigadier General Thomas J. Jackson, commander of the “Stonewall” Brigade, requested of Commander-in-Chief Davis, “Give me ten-thousand men and I will take Washington [District of Columbia] tomorrow.” Davis refused and would later come to regret the decision as “one of the greatest mistakes of the war.”
- Over 800 Americans were killed on both sides.
[updated 10/10/2026]
Subsequent Events:
References:
Bruce Catton, The Civil War, (New York: American Heritage, 1960; Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1987), 285.
Thomas J. DiLorenzo, The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda and an Unnecessary War, (Roseville, California: Prima Publishing, 2002), 39.
Calvin D. Linton, ed., The Bicentennial Almanac: 200 Years of America, 1776-1976, (Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, 1975), 166.
American Civil War, 1861
www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcivilwar2.htm
First Battle of Bull Run – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run
Current U.s. National Debt:
