Richard II (r. 1177 – 1199) abdicates in the face of ever-increasing parliamentary resistance to his despotic reign.
[added 6/19/2026]
Subsequent Events:
Authority:
Magna Carta, Chapter 61
ccc-2point0.com/magna-carta
References:
Richard II of England – Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
Current U.s. National Debt:
